Caspase 12
Caspase 12 is an enzyme known as a cysteine protease. It belongs to a family of enzymes called caspases that cleave their substrates at C-terminal aspartic acid residues. It is closely related to caspase 1 and other members of the caspase family, known as inflammatory caspases, which process and activate inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 and interleukin 18.
Gene
CASP12, the gene for caspase 12, is found on chromosome 11 in humans in a locus with other inflammatory caspases.[1] CASP12 orthologs [2] have been identified in numerous mammals for which complete genome data are available.
Clinical significance
The CASP12 gene is subject to polymorphism, which can generate a full length caspase protein (Csp12L) or an inactive truncated form (Csp12S). The functional form appears to be confined to people of African descent and is linked with susceptibility to sepsis; people carrying the functional gene have decreased responses to bacterial molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS).[3][4]
A study in May 2009 by McGill University Health Centre has suggested that estrogen may serve to block the production of caspase-12, resulting in a stronger inflammatory reaction to bacterial pathogens. The trials were carried out on laboratory mice which had been implanted with the human caspase-12 gene.[5][6][7]
References
- ^ Fischer H, Koenig U, Eckhart L, Tschachler E (2002). "Human caspase 12 has acquired deleterious mutations". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 293 (2): 722–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00289-9. PMID 12054529.
- ^ "OrthoMaM phylogenetic marker: CASP12 coding sequence". http://www.orthomam.univ-montp2.fr/orthomam/data/cds/detailMarkers/ENSG00000204403_CASP12.xml.
- ^ Saleh M, Vaillancourt JP, Graham RK, Huyck M, Srinivasula SM, Alnemri ES, Steinberg MH, Nolan V, Baldwin CT, Hotchkiss RS, Buchman TG, Zehnbauer BA, Hayden MR, Farrer LA, Roy S, Nicholson DW (2004). "Differential modulation of endotoxin responsiveness by human caspase-12 polymorphisms". Nature 429 (6987): 75–9. doi:10.1038/nature02451. PMID 15129283.
- ^ Saleh, Maya Mathison, John C. Wolinski, Melissa K. Bensinger, Steve J. Fitzgerald, Patrick Droin, Nathalie Ulevitch, Richard J. Green, Douglas R. Nicholson, Donald W. (2006). "Enhanced bacterial clearance and sepsis resistance in caspase-12-deficient mice". Nature 440 (7087): 1064–1068. doi:10.1038/nature04656. PMID 16625199.
- ^ Yeretssian G, Doiron K, Shao W, Leavitt BR, Hayden MR, Nicholson DW, Saleh M (May 2009). "Gender differences in expression of the human caspase-12 long variant determines susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (22): 9016–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.0813362106. PMC 2690057. PMID 19447924. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2690057.
- ^ "Man flu: real or myth?". Health. NHS UK. 2009-05-18. http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/05May/Pages/Manflurealormyth.aspx.
- ^ "Women 'fight off disease better'". Health. BBC News. 2009-05-13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8047321.stm. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
External links
- The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C14.013
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B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6
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